Bacterial biofilms are structured communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix that adhere to surfaces, making them highly resistant to antibiotics and im-mune responses. Biofilm-associated infections often require prolonged or combined antibiotic therapies and, in many cases, removal of the infected device or surgical intervention. This resili-ence underscores the urgent need for alternative treatment strategies, such as biofilm-disrupting agents, surface modifications, or non-antibiotic-based approaches. Furthermore, effective sens-ing of pathogen presence is crucial for early detection and management, with current approach-es ranging from optical imaging to biosensors that detect biofilm-specific markers. However, the development of reliable, non-invasive, and real-time biofilm detection systems remains a critical area of research.